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Peyronie's Disease

What Do We Need To Know About Peyronie’s Disease?

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What is Peyronie’s disease

Peyronie’s disease also called the plastic induration of the penis or the chronic inflammation of the albumin, represents the growth of fibrous plaques in the soft tissue of the penis, respectively in the albuminous tunic, which surrounds as an elastic sheath each of the two cavernous bodies of the penis, located on the lateral parts. and causes an abnormal curvature to occur.

A certain degree of curvature of the penis can be normal and innate, without causing complications, but Peyronie’s disease is a chronic inflammation that can cause pain, hardening, large size lesions and erectile dysfunction with painful erections, painful sexual intercourse, lack of rigidity, distal penis, toward the tip of the fibrous area and abnormal curvature that increases during erection.

Erectile dysfunction can have many causes, Peyronie’s disease being a rare cause, affecting about 4% of men.

Concern about the curvature of the penis can cause stress and anxiety, which also contribute to worsening erectile dysfunction. However, quite a number of men affected by this disorder have a satisfying sex life, says sexologist in Noida.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Peyronie’s disease may appear suddenly or may develop gradually. The main sign is the curvature of the penis – the penis is curved laterally, up or down, depending on where the fibrous plaques are located.

Other signs and symptoms include the hard plates that feel under the skin of the penis and contain scar tissue in the form of strips or clumps, usually in the upper part of the penis; by accumulating calcium these plaques can become very hard and lead to severe curvature, painful erections or weak erections because the hardened tissue reduces elasticity in that area and makes intercourse difficult. Sometimes, during erection, the penis may shorten or narrow at a certain point. Rarely, the penis can acquire a form of an hourglass.

Curvature and shortening of the penis associated with Peyronie’s disease may worsen over time, but usually, stabilize after 3-12 months after onset. The pain during the erection decreases after 1-2 years.

The disorder occurs rarely in young adults, being more frequent between 40 and 70 years, says sexologist in Ghaziabad.

Causes And Risk Factors

The causes of Peyronie’s disease are not at all known. It can be caused by minor, repeated, penile injuries, either during sexual intercourse or as a result of sports activity or other accidents. After scar tissue is formed, over time, the plaques characteristic of this disease develops.

Genetic factors may be involved because there is an increased risk for men who have relatives suffering from Peyronie’s disease. Also, increased risk exists for those who have connective tissue disorders, such as tympanosclerosis or Dupuytren contracture, which is a thickening and contraction of the tissues of the hand, through which the fingers are drawn inwards.

It appears especially in older men with weak erections and frequent sexual intercourse. It is also associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, surgical treatment of the prostate and occurs more frequently in smokers. Occasionally, it is associated with fibromatous degeneration of the outer cartilage.

The disease has two phases – acute and chronic. In the acute phase, which lasts 6-18 months, there is penile pain, curvature, and nodules, and in the chronic phase the fibrous plates do not increase and the curvature of the penis does not worsen anymore, and the pain during the erection disappears.

The diagnosis can be made by the urologist in Noida by palpation and discussion with the patient. Simple ultrasound and duplex Doppler scanning can also be used.

In this way, a possible arterial insufficiency or veno-occlusive dysfunction can be observed, which can result from the fibrous plaque influencing the blood circulation and which are also causes of erectile dysfunction. Radiographically, cleavages can be observed, these being an indication for surgery

Treatment of Peyronie’s Disease

In mild cases, when there is no pain or the pain is mild, when the curvature does not accentuate and the sex life is satisfactory, the urologist in Ghaziabad will recommend the evolution of the disease.

In more severe cases treatment is prescribed. Injections can be made with collagen products (collagenase) if the curvature of the penis forms an angle greater than 30 degrees. It is also prescribed injections with interferon or oral verapamil.

Some techniques are still in the experimental phase. Thus, some patients may benefit from iontophoresis, a technique by which a weak electrical current passes through the skin, favoring the absorption of drugs in the affected area. Another option is extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Radiation therapy was also experienced.

The administration of vitamin E has doubtful effects. The administration of the vitamin B complex also does not guarantee positive effects. As well as some anti-estrogenic, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory drugs.

Sometimes easy exercises for stretching the penis manually or with special devices – stretching the penis when it is not erect, for 30 seconds, three times a day, for 6 weeks after treatment with collagen products and straightening it for 30 seconds once a day, during spontaneous erection.

Surgical treatment is generally prescribed by sexologist in Delhi in cases of severe deformity and only in the chronic phase of the disease, after the degree of curvature and the size of the plates have stabilized for at least 3-6 months.

Surgical techniques include elongation of the lateral penis by incision, excision of the plates and skin graft, when the curvature is over 60 degrees, shortening of the lateral penis when the disease is less serious and the penis rather long, penile prosthesis or implant (flexible or inflatable cylinders inserted into the cavernous bodies).

The implant can be permanent, giving the penis a semi-rigid character, sufficient for sexual intercourse, or activated by a pump located in the scrotum, which produces a stronger erection.

Patients suffering from Peyronie’s Disease are better off changing their lifestyle – quitting smoking, doing gymnastics, reducing alcohol use and not taking drugs. The urologist in Delhi should be consulted when pain occurs, with or without an erection, and when priapism occurs – unwanted and persistent erection for more than 30 minutes, sometimes accompanied by pain.

Testicular Disorders

Disorders of The Male Reproductive System: Testicular Disorders

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There are two major primary disorders affecting the male external reproductive organs. These include penile dysfunction and testicular disorders. Penile and testicular dysfunctions can affect male fertility and sexual function.

The testes are part of the male reproductive system. The testicles are two oval-shaped organs, the size of two larger olives. They are located inside the scrotum, the free sac of the skin that hangs behind the penis.

The testes secrete male hormones, including testosterone, and produce sperm, the male reproductive cells. Testicular disorders can cause severe disorders, including hormonal imbalances, impaired sex life, and infertility.

Testicular trauma, testicular torsion, testicular cancer, epididymitis, and hypogonadism are among the most common testicular disorders.

Testicular trauma

Because the testes are located at the scrotum, which hangs on the outside of the body, they have no muscle and bone protection. This makes them more likely to hit, kick or crush, which occurs more frequently during contact sports. Men can protect their testicles by wearing athletic cup-shaped devices during sports.

Testicular trauma can cause severe pain, bruising and / or swelling. In most cases, the testicles – which are made of spongy material – can absorb the shock of trauma, without serious injury.

A rare form of testicular trauma, called testicular rupture, occurs when the testicle receives a direct hit or is crushed by the large bones of the pelvis. This type of trauma can cause bleeding in the scrotum. In severe cases, surgery is needed to repair the rupture, thus saving the testicle.

Testicular torsion

Inside the scrotum, the testicles are fixed at each end by a structure called spermatic cord. Sometimes, this cord twists around the testicle, thus disrupting the blood supply to the testicle. Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden and severe pain, enlargement of the affected testicle and swelling.

This condition, which occurs mainly in men younger than 25 years, can occur due to a testicular or secondary impairment to an activity that requires a great deal of effort. It can also occur without an obvious cause.

Treatment

Testicular torsion requires emergency treatment. Usually, the treatment consists in correcting the condition through surgery. Testicular function can be saved if the disorder is diagnosed and treated immediately. If the blood supply to the testicle is interrupted for a long time, the testicle may be permanently damaged and may require surgical removal.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer occurs when the cells in the testis divide and grow uncontrolled. In some cases, certain benign (non-cancerous) tumors can progress and turn into cancer. Testicular cancer can develop in one or both testes in men or adolescents.

Symptoms

Symptoms of testicular cancer include:

– a swelling, an irregular area or enlargement at the level of each testicle;

– a sensation of traction or unusual weight at scrotal level;

– a pain that can be sustained at the groin or lower abdominal level;

– pain or discomfort (which may appear and disappear) at the testicular or scrotal level.

Etiology

The exact etiology of testicular cancer is unknown, but there are a number of risk factors for the disease. Risk factor is considered anything that increases a person’s chances of contracting a disease. The risk factors for testicular cancer are:

– age: testicular cancer can occur at any age, but most commonly it occurs in men between the ages of 15 and 40

– the unobstructed testicle: this is a condition in which the testicle does not descend from the abdomen, where it is located during the fetal development period, at the scrotum level, shortly before birth

– family history: a family history of testicular cancer increases the risk of cancer

– race and ethnicity: the risk of testicular cancer in white men is five times higher than in black men and twice as high as in Asian and American men.

Treatment

Testicular cancer is a rare form of cancer, with effective treatments being usually curable. Surgery is the most common form of testicular cancer treatment in Noida. Surgery involves the removal of one or both testicles by an incision (cut) at the groin level. In some cases, the urologist in Noida may also remove lymph nodes from the abdomen.

Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer, and chemotherapy, which uses cancer cell-destroying drugs, are other therapeutic options.

The removal of a testicle does not lead to problems of conception or sexual activity. The remaining testicle will continue to secrete sperm and male sex hormones. In order to return to the normal appearance, a testicular prosthesis can be fitted, which is surgically implanted at the scrotal level, which looks and feels like a normal testicle.

Prognosis

The success of testicular cancer treatment in Noida depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment. If the cancer is detected and treated before spreading to the lymph nodes, the cure rate is very high, greater than 98%.

Even after testicular cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, the treatment is very effective, the cure rate is more than 90%.

Prophylaxis

In order to prevent testicular cancer, men should be familiar with the size and sensation of the testes, in order to detect any type of change. Most doctors believe that early recognition of swelling is an important factor in the success of testicular cancer treatment and recommends monthly testicular self-examination, associated with a routine physical examination, in all men after puberty.

Epididymitis

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is the groove wrapped around and around each testicle. It has the function of transport, storage and maturation of the sperm cells, which are produced at the testicular level. The epididymis provides a connection between the testes and the deferential channels (the channels that carry sperm).

Etiology

Epididymitis commonly occurs due to infections or infections with Chlamydia, a sexually transmitted disease. In men over 40, the most common cause is the bacteria that exist in the urinary tract.

Symptoms

The symptoms of epididymitis are scrotal pain and swelling. Penile secretion, pain in the urine and sexual contact or painful ejaculation may also be present. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the adjacent testicle, producing fever and abscesses (pus collections).

Treatment

Treatment of epididymitis include antibiotics (drugs that kill the bacterium that caused the infection), physical rest, application of ice bag to reduce swelling, use of a device to support the testicles and anti-inflammatory drugs. The partner should also be treated, if the epididymitis is secondary to a sexually transmitted infection, to prevent re-infection.

If left untreated, epididymitis can cause scar tissue damage, thus blocking normal sperm leakage at the testicular level. This can lead to fertility problems, especially if both testicles are involved or if the man has recurrent infections.

Prophylaxis

Condom use during sexual contact can prevent epididymitis secondary to chlamydia or gonococcal infection.

Hypogonadism

One of the testicular functions is the secretion of testosterone. This hormone plays an important role in developing and maintaining the majority of male physical characteristics. These include strength and muscle mass, fat distribution, bone mass, sperm production, and sexual behavior.

Hypogonadism in men is a condition that occurs when the testicles (gonads) do not produce enough testosterone. Primary hypogonadism occurs when there is a disorder or anomaly in the testis itself. Secondary hypogonadism occurs when there is a disorder in the pituitary gland of the brain, which transmits chemical impulses to the testicles to stimulate testosterone secretion.

Hypogonadism can occur during the fetal period, at puberty or during adulthood.

Signs and symptoms

If it occurs in adult men, hypogonadism can produce the following:
– erectile dysfunction (inability to obtain or maintain an erection);
– infertility ;
– decrease in sexual activity;
– reduction of hair or body hair;
– decrease in size or firmness of the testes;
– decreased muscle mass and increased fat deposition;
– decrease in bone mass (osteoporosis);
– enlargement of the male breast tissue (gynecomastia);
– emotional and mental symptomatology similar to that seen in menopausal women (profuse sweating, changes in mood, irritability, depression, fatigue ).

Etiology

There are various causes of hypogonadism:

– Klinefelter syndrome: This syndrome involves the presence of abnormal sex chromosomes. Men usually have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome. The Y chromosome contains the genetic material in coded form, which determines the male sex, as well as the development and specific male characteristics. Men with Klinefelter syndrome have an additional X chromosome, which results in abnormal testicular development.

– unobstructed testicles

– Hemochromatosis: this condition consists of excess iron in the blood, which can cause disorders of the testicular function or the pituitary gland.

– Testicular trauma: testicular trauma can affect testosterone production

– Anticancer treatments: chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatments frequently applied in cancer, may interfere with testicular production of testosterone and sperm

– Normal aging process: older men have lower levels of testosterone, although the rate of decrease of this secretion varies greatly from man to man

– Disorders of the pituitary gland: disorders of the pituitary gland (a small organ located in the middle of the brain), including either trauma or a tumor, may interfere with the ability of the gland to send hormonal signals to the testes to stimulate testosterone synthesis.

– Medicines: certain drugs may affect the production of testosterone; these are some commonly used antipsychotic drugs.

Treatment

The treatment of hypogonadism is different depending on the etiology. For the treatment of testicular disorders, hormone replacement treatment (testosterone replacement therapy) is used.

If the etiology is a condition of the pituitary gland, pituitary hormones can be used to increase testosterone levels and sperm production.

bladder-cancer

Bladder cancer know its symptoms

Urologist in Noida, ,

The urinary bladder is the storage organ that holds the urine before it is voided. This organ is a balloon-shaped organ that is located in the pelvic area. Like most forms of cancer, bladder cancer also starts off with the cells within the organ, starts mutating and not dying resulting in the buildup of abnormal cells.

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer:

  1. Haematuria or the presence of blood in the urine – This is one of the most common symptoms of bladder cancer. The urine may vary in colour from light to dark red although clear urine can also have blood which can only be detected under a microscope. Typically, hematuria is painless and stops on its own. So if anybody who had blood in urine, must get himself investigated by a urologist in Ghaziabad. Stoppage of blood and thinking that it might be just simple infection can be disastrous.
  2. Frequent and painful urination – Changes in the usual pattern of urination along with other symptoms may be signs of bladder cancer. Some of these are:
    • Very frequent urination
    • Having a very weak stream during urination
    • The urge to urinate even when the bladder is not full
    • Painful or burning sensation while urinating

Although these symptoms are common with urinary tract infections, they may also be signs of bladder cancer and it is best for you to go to your urologist in Noida to get it checked.

Other Symptoms – Some of the other symptoms may include:

  • Back or pelvic pain in the area surrounding the bladder
  • Being tired or weak without an apparent reason
  • Feet swelling up
  • Painful bones in some cases
  • Inability to urinate in some cases

Types of Bladder Cancer:

Bladder Cancer is primarily of three types and their causes differ. They are:

  1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma – This is the most common type of bladder cancer and is primarily caused by lifestyle problems such as smoking, radiation or chemical exposure.
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma – This is a form of cancer that occurs as a reaction to parasitic infection(schistosomiasis), stone or foreign body within the bladder.
  3. Adenocarcinoma – A rare form of bladder cancer, this is also caused by radiation or chemical exposure.
Urinary-Tract-Infection

Urinary Tract Infection Causes and Symptoms

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Infection caused in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra or prostate gland is known as urinary tract infection(UTI). According to the urologist in Noida, Ghaziabad, Vaishali, Greater Noida, sexually active women are generally more at risk of suffering from this condition. Females other than sexually active age groups and men are otherwise immune to urinary tract infections. If they got UTI, they should be thoroughly investigated for its cause by a urologist in Ghaziabad.

Some of the causes which contribute to the development of this infection are:

  1. Females have short urethra: Due to the short length of the urethra, a lot of bacteria got entry into the urinary bladder from the vagina, during sexual intercourse. Therefore, it is wise for females to urinate after intercourse so that bacteria flush out in the urine. If not, these bacteria will lead to UTI.
  2. Prostatitis is very common in young males: Infection of the prostate gland is very common in young males. Semen is naturally produced. If a young male does not ejaculate regularly, this stocked up semen leads to prostatitis. That’s why regular ejaculation is very important for males. Therefore, Masturbation is healthy, not harmful.
  3. Urination after ejaculation in males is harmful: If male urinates immediately after ejaculation, then some urine refluxes into the open mouth of prostate glands. Urinary chemicals cause prostatitis. Therefore, males should not void immediately after ejaculation.
  4. Phimosis: In male children, if prepuce does not open properly, it may cause infection.
  5. Unprotected sexual intercourse: Unprotected intercourse may transmit infections to other partners if one partner has infection.
  6. Uncontrolled diabetes
  7. Kidney, ureteric and bladder stones
  8. Prostate Enlargements
  9. Urethral stricture
  10. Congenital disorders in children

Some of the symptoms of urinary tract infection are:

  1. A nagging urge to urinate: One of the most predominant symptoms of urinary tract infection is a persistent, nagging urge to urinate.
  2. There is a burning sensation when you urinate: If you feel a burning sensation while urinating, chances are extremely high that you are suffering from urinary tract infection.
  3. Red-colored urine: Sometimes your urine may contain perceptible amount of blood in them.
  4. Foul smelled urine: An internal infection in the urinary tract manifests itself in different ways. One of the chief symptoms of this infection is discharging foul-smelling urine.
  5. Pain in the pelvic area: Women who suffer from urinary tract infection experience excruciating pain near the pelvic area, sometimes extending to the pubic bone.
  6. Fever with chills: severe infection may lead to fever with chills and rigors.
  7. Frequent urge for urination: Frequent urination may be a sign of infection.
kidney stone treatment in Ghaziabad

Renal Stones

Urologist in Noida, , ,

Our kidneys act as filters that constantly flush out toxins and excess minerals with water in the form of urine. Urine contains lots of minerals which may precipitate and form stones. Urine has lots of pro-precipitating agents and anti-precipitating agents. When their balance disturbs due to some disease, stones start forming. These stones may often lead to abdominal pain which is referred to as renal colic.

What exactly is renal colic?

Renal or ureteric colic is the term used for typical pain in one side of the abdomen in the flank region starting from the back and radiating forward towards the lower abdomen up to scrotum. This is usually associated with nausea, vomiting, and urinary discomfort. There may be blood in the urine.

How kidney stones are related to renal colic?

Kidney stones usually form inside the kidney and lie there without causing any pain. But whenever they are dislodged and stuck at the mouth of the kidney (pelvis) or anywhere in the ureter, they block the passage of urine of that kidney. This causes swelling in the kidney termed as hydronephrosis. This swelling in the kidney causes renal/ureteric colic.

This colic is a protective phenomenon and tries to push out the stones. Small stones do come out in urine by this natural process. This spontaneous expulsion of small stones is common and many local practitioners used to get credit for it feigning benefit of their medicine. However large stones need some form of intervention to come out. Otherwise, they do harm to kidneys in the long term.

Symptoms of kidney stones along with renal /ureteric colic –

  1. Most stones which are lying in calyces of the kidney are asymptomatic
  2. Nausea & vomiting
  3. Frequent urinary tract infections
  4. Fever with chills
  5. Foul-smelling urine
  6. Hesitancy, frequency and burning in urination
  7. Blood in the urine (urine with a reddish, pink or brownish hue)
  8. Passage of small stones in the urine

Treatment of renal colic

Kidney stone treatment in Noida, Ghaziabad, Vaishali, involve control of symptoms and stone removal.

  1. Expectant Treatment or Medical Expulsion Therapy: Small stones of less than 4 mm size usually pass on its own and some medicines like alpha-blockers and steroid hasten up their expulsion. Medium size stone (4-6 mm), sometimes passes with the aid of these medications. But stones larger than 6 mm usually require intervention.
  2. Lithotripsy: This method involves breaking of stones by shock waves into small dusty particles which pass through urine on its own. This is usually suitable for stones up to 1.5 cm and lying in kidneys. This is a non-operative treatment that can be done by a urologist in Ghaziabad, Noida, Vaishali, on OPD or Daycare basis.
  3. Ureteroscopy (URS): This method involves entry of a very thin semirigid scope through the urethra into ureter. Stone is broken by LASER and removed. This involves single-day admission and spinal anaesthesia.
  4. RIRS – Retrograde Intra Renal Surgery: In this method very thin flexible scope in manoeuvred through the urethra into the upper ureter and pelvicalyceal system of the kidney. Stones in the kidney or upper ureter are broken by LASER and removed. This is also done under anaesthesia and requires a day admission.
  5. Mini – PCNL: This method is suitable for large renal stones. In this technique, a small hole is made into the kidney through the back and a tiny scope is entered into the kidney. Stones are broken by LASER and removed. This is done under anaesthesia and requires two to three days of admission.